GMAT申友阅读RC题库-The passage suggests that Professor Clive Holmes would most likely agree with which of the following statements?-破解版07-真题答案解析

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Colonial historian David Allen's intensive study of five communities in seventeenth-century Massachusetts is a model of meticulous scholarship on the

detailed microcosmic level, and is convincing up to a point. Allen suggests that much more coherence and direct continuity existed between English and colonial agricultural practices and administrative organization than other historians have suggested. However, he overstates his case with the declaration that he has proved "the remarkable extent to which diversity in New England local institutions was directly imitative of regional differences in the mother country."

Such an assertion ignores critical differences between seventeenth-century England and New England. First, England was overcrowded and land-hungry; New England was sparsely populated and labor-hungry. Second, England suffered the normal European rate of mortality; New England, especially in the first generation of English colonists, was virtually free from infectious diseases. Third, England had an all-embracing state church; in New England membership in a church was restricted to the elect. Fourth, a high proportion of English villagers lived under paternalistic resident squires; no such class existed in New England. By narrowing his focus to village institutions and ignoring these critical differences, which studies by Greven, Demos, and Lockridge have shown to be so important, Allen has created a somewhat distorted picture of reality.

Allen's work is a rather extreme example of the "country community" school of seventeenth-century English history whose intemperate excesses in removing all national issues from the history of that period have been exposed by Professor Clive Holmes. What conclusion can be drawn, for example, from Allen's discovery that Puritan clergy who had come to the colonies from East Anglia were one-third to one-half as likely to return to England by 1660 as were Puritan ministers from western and northern England? We are not told in what way, if at all, this discovery illuminates historical understanding. Studies of local history have enormously expanded our horizons, but it is a mistake for their authors to conclude that village institutions are all that mattered, simply because their functions are all that the records of village institutions reveal.

The passage suggests that Professor Clive Holmes would most likely

agree with which of the following statements?

(A) An understanding of seventeenth-century English local institutions requires a consideration of national issues.

(B) The "country community" school of seventeenth-century English history distorts historical evidence in order to establish continuity between old and new institutions.

(D) National issues are best understood from the perspective of those at the local level.

(E) Local histories of seventeenth-century English villages have contributed little to the understanding of village life.

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位比较容易，关键词很明确“Professor Clive Holmes”的那句话。所以对句子“Allen's work is a rather extreme example of the "country community" school of seventeenth-century English history whose intemperate excesses in removing all national issues from the history of that period have been exposed by Professor Clive Holmes.”的理解就显的至关重要了。这句话的意思是：Allen的作品是属于“country community”这个学派的极端的例子，Professor Clive Holmes已经曝光了这个学派的过激之处在于其所有判断都排除了当时的国情。 (A)Correct。理解17世纪英国的当地的制度需要考虑国情。这句话就是把考点提到的那句话意译了一下。 (B)"country community"学派歪曲了历史的证据就是为了建立新老制度的连续性。Professor Clive Holmes没有提到过这个学派的目的，只是说曝光了这个学派的这个特点。 (C)注重国家所关切的事情而排除地方所关切的事情让很多历史学家歪曲了真相。“Clive Holmes”的观点是考虑是否可以直接模仿的问题时（历史角度），一定要综合考量当时当地的国情。和关注国家还是地方无关。 (D)国情最好的了解方法是从地方了解。应该是在了解国情的基础上了解地方的制度并综合历史考虑。 (E)17世纪英国当地的乡村历史对让我们了解乡村生活帮助甚少。这个是无关选项。